مطالعه خود ارزیابی سلامت میان سالمندان ساکن شهرهای شیراز و یاسوج سال 1394

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• مجید موحدمجد ¹
• صدیقه جهانبازیان ²

¹ دانشیار دانشگاه شیراز، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی

² ارشد جمعیت شناسی شیراز، دانشکده اقتصاد، مدیریت و علوم اجتماعی

چکیده

    سلامت درک شده راهی است برای بررسی وضعیت سلامت افراد که آگاهی کامل در حیطه­های بیولوژیکی، ذهنی، عملکردی و معنوی از سلامت فرد را مشخص می­کند. بررسی وضعیت سلامتی افراد از نگاه خودشان سنجه‌ای مهم از نظر وضعیت سلامت عمومی جامعه است. خودارزیابی سلامت به وسیله فرد یک شاخص شناخته شده جهانی است که برای سنجش وضعیت سلامت افراد در پژوهش‌های سلامت همگانی و اپیدمیولوژی دارای کاربردی گسترده است. هدف از این پژوهش مطالعه خود­ارزیابی سلامت میان سالمندان ساکن شهر شیراز و یاسوج است. جامعه آماری این پژوهش را افراد سالمند بالای 65 سال ساکن شهر شیراز و یاسوج تشکیل داده است و برای گردآوری داده­ها تعداد 760 نفر (400 نفر در شیراز، 360 نفر در یاسوج) از آنان را به عنوان نمونه به شیوه نمونه­گیری خوشه ایی مرحله ایی انتخاب شده­اند. در این پژوهش روش پیمایش مورد استفاده قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده­ها از راه نرم افزار کامپیوتری SPSS در دو سطح آمار توصیفی و استنباطی انجام گرفت. میانگین و انحراف معیار چهار بعد سلامت سالمندان مورد پژوهش 95/14± 18/75 بود که 8/63 درصد آن‌ها وضعیت سلامت ادراک شده خود را در حد متوسط ارزیابی کردند. متغیر­های جمعیتی مانند سن، تحصیلات، وضعیت اشتغال، وضعیت تاهل، قومیت، تعداد فرزندان، طبقه اقتصادی- اجتماعی، سابقه بیماری با خودارزیابی سلامت سالمندان رابطه‌ای معنی­دار داشتند. بین جنس و خودارزیابی سلامت رابطه‌ای معنی­دار وجود نداشت. هم‌چنین، متغیرهای فرهنگی و اجتماعی مانند رفتارهای سلامت، حمایت اجتماعی، عزت نفس، مصرف رسانه، ارتباط و صمیمیت با فرزندان و ارتباط با دوستان با خودارزیابی سلامت رابطه‌ای معنی­دار داشتند. آماره ضریب تعیین ²R نیز نشان می­دهد که حدود 40 درصد تغییرات متغیر وابسته یعنی)خودارزیابی سلامت( به وسیله هفت متغیر مستقل که در معادله باقی مانده­اند و شامل عزت نفس، سابقه بیماری، تعداد فرزندان، رفتار سلامت، قومیت، تحصیلات، حمایت اجتماعی هستند تبیین می­شود.این‌که فرد نسبت به خود چه احساسی داشته باشد و برای خود چه مقدار ارزش و اهمیت بداند، می­تواند بر خودارزیابی سلامت تاثیر بگذارد. این مطالعه نشان داد که وضعیت سلامت سالمندان شهر شیراز و یاسوج در حد متوسط بوده که نیازمند حمایت خانواده‎ها و مسئولان می­باشند و وضعیت سلامت سالمندان شهر شیراز و یاسوج از عوامل فرهنگی- اجتماعی تاثیر می­پذیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• خودارزیابی سلامت
• سالمندان
• عزت نفس
• حمایت اجتماعی
• سابقه بیماری
• رفتار سلامت

20.1001.1.20088566.1396.8.30.5.6

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عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study of Self-Assessed Health between the Elderly of Shirazand YasujCities in 2015

نویسندگان [English]

• M MovahedMajed ¹
• S Jahanbazian ²

¹ 1Assistant Professor of Sociology, Shiraz UniversityFaculty of economic, Management and social science

² Senior students/ Shiraz University

چکیده [English]

Self-Assessed health is a way to assess the individual’s health and identifies complete information in biological, mental, and spiritual and functional area. Studying the persons' health status from their viewpoint is an important evaluation in terms of public health status of society. Health self- assessment by a person is an international known index and has a wide usage for the person’s health status in public health research and epidemiology. The aim of this study is to assess the health of the elderly in the city of Shiraz and Yasuj.The population of the study included elderly people over 65 years who were residents of Shiraz and Yasuj.The sample size included 760 elders selected by random clustering sampling method.Descriptive and inferential statisticswas used for the data analysis by means of SPSS.The average of four aspects of the health was 75.18 ± 14.95 that 63.8 percent of them found their health status in the mean level. Demographic variables such as age, education, socio-economic class, employment status, marital status, ethnicity, the number of children, the history of patient had significant relation with self-assessment health. There was not any significant relation between gender and health self-assessment. In addition, the cultural and social values such as health behaviors, social support, self-esteem using media, having relation and being intimate with children and friends have a significant relation with self-assessment health. Statistic determination coefficient (R²) also shows that 40 percent of changes of the dependent value (self-assessment) are explained by 7 independent values remained in the equation and includes self- esteem, the patient history, the number of children, health behavior, ethnicity, education, social support. How valuable and how one feels about himself can effect on health assessment. This study showed that the status of health in Shiraz and Yasuj was in the mean level and authorities need to support more for that.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Self-AssessedHealth
• Elderly
• Self-esteem
• Social Support
• History of Disease
• Health Behavior

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