تحلیل عوامل اثرگذار بر توان‏مندسازی زنان روستایی دریافت کننده‌ی اعتبارات خرد در شهرستان نهاوند

فراشی, مرضیه; رحیمیان, مهدی; غلامرضایی, سعید

تحلیل عوامل اثرگذار بر توان‏مندسازی زنان روستایی دریافت کننده‌ی اعتبارات خرد در شهرستان نهاوند

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

¹ دانش‏آموخته‏ی کارشناسی ارشد گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‏آباد، ایران.

² استادیار گروه توسعه روستایی، دانشگاه لرستان، خرم‏آباد، ایران.

چکیده

هدف از انجام تحقیق حاضر شناخت عوامل تأثیرگذار بر توان‏مندسازی اقتصادی و اجتماعی زنان دریافت کنندهی اعتبارات خرد در شهرستان نهاوند و تعیین میزان اثرات مستقیم و غیرمستقیم هر یک از متغیرها بر میزان توان‏مندی آنان می‏باشد. تحقیق مذکور از نوع مطالعات پیمایشی و ابزار مورد استفادهی گردآوری اطلاعات، پرسشنامه بود. جامعه آماری زنان دریافت کنندهی وام‏های خرد شهرستان نهاوند، در سال‌های 1389 تا 1393، می‌باشند (N= 200). حجم نمونه بر اساس جدول کرجسی و مورگان 130 نفر تعیین شد. نمونه‌گیری بهصورت طبقه‌ای با انتساب متناسب انجام شد. پایایی و روایی پرسشنامه، به ترتیب با استفاده از ضریب آلفای کرونباخ و روش اعتبار محتوایی مورد تأیید قرار گرفت. تجزیه و تحلیل داده‏ها با نرم‏افزار SPSS انجام شد. طبق نتایج آمار توصیفی 4/55 درصد، علی رغم دریافت وام، خانه‌دار و بدون شغل بودند. بر اساس نتایج تحلیل مسیر متغیرهای اثرگذار بر توان‏مندسازی زنان به‌ترتیب عبارتند از: نگرش افراد نسبت به اعتبارات خرد، میزان نظارت نهاد پرداخت کنندهی اعتبار بر نحوه‏ی مصرف وام، میزان مصرف وام در فعالیت‌های توان‌مندساز، آموزش نهاد پرداخت کننده در خصوص مصرف اعتبار و مبلغ کل وام دریافتی.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20088566.1398.10.37.5.4

عنوان مقاله [English]

Analysis of the factors affecting the empowerment of rural women receiving microcredits in the Nahavand Township

نویسندگان [English]

M Farashi ¹
M Rahimian ²
S Gholamrezai ²

چکیده [English]

The main purpose of this research was to investigate the factors affecting the economic and social empowerment of rural poor women in Nahavand Township and determining the direct and indirect effects of these variables on their ability. This research was a sort of the survey study and a questionnaire was compiled for collection of data. Statistical population included women in Nahavand Township who received small credits from credit institutes during 2010- 201 (N = 200). Statistical sample determined as 130 individuals through Morgan table. Sampling was conducted as proportional classified state. Questionnaire's reliability and validity were confirmed respectively through computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient (more than 0.7) and content validity. Data was analyzed by SPSS software. Results of descriptive statistics showed that 55.4 % of women, despite receiving loans, housewives and had no jobs. Based on the results of path analysis their attitude toward microcredit, the control of credit institutions on how to use the loan, the use amount of loans in empowering activities, education institutions about use credit and the entire amount of the loan.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

Women
Microcredit
Empowerment
Path Analysis
Nahavand

مراجع

- Afshani, A. R., & Fatehi, A. (2016). "Empowerment of women head of households and related socio-cultural Factors: Study of women under cover of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee", Tabriz City, Women and Society, Vol 7, No.3, pp. 38-19. (Persian).

- Alsop, R., Frost. M. and Jeremy. B. (2005). “Empowerment in practice from analysis to implementation. South Asia Environment and Social Unit”. World Bank, Washington, DC.

- Ashburn, K & Warner, A. (2010). “Can Economic Empowerment Reduce Vulnerability of Girls and Young Women to HIV?” International Center for Research on Women, p75.

- Assad, M & Bruce, J (1997). “Empowering the next generation: Girls of the Maqattam Garbage Settlement”. Population Council. 19.

- Azkia, M., & Imani, A. (2005). "The role of micro-credit in empowerment and employment of released prisoners, Rural Development Conference and Poverty Reduction", Agricultural Bank, Tehran. (Persian).

- Charmchian Langroudi, M. & Ali Beigi, A. H. (2013). "Factors affecting the psychological empowerment of rural women", Women and Society, Vol 4, No. 1, pp 191-165. (Persian).

- Charmchian Langrodi M. (2013). “An investigation of factors affecting the farmers’ empowerment in Mazandaran province”, Iran. International Research Journal of Applied and Basic Sciences (IRJABS). 4(4): 947-952.

- Deininger K., & Liu, Y. (2013). “Economic and social impacts of an innovative self-Help group model in India”. World Development, 43 (March2013), 149–163.

- Dimitriades. Z & Kufida. S. (2009). “Individual, Job, Organizational and Contextual Correlates of Employment Empower men: Some Greek Evidence, EJBO Electronic” Journal of Business Ethics and Organization Studies, Vol.9, No. 2, p 32-48.

- Elycher, J. (2010)."Public Labor, poor Theory and Revisiting Empowerment in Cairo” Critical Theory Institute, UCI, 2010, p 119.

- Emadi, M. (2005). "The role of microfinance in accelerating the rural development process: comparing two perspectives", Rural Development Conference and Poverty Reduction, Agricultural Bank, Tehran. (Persian).

- Evans, E.N. (2010),”Liberation Theology, Empowerment Theory and Social Work with the Oppressed. International Social Work “pp, 234-235.

- Favaedi, F., Chahar Soghi A., & H. Alipour, H. (2011). "Factors Affecting the Success of the Rural Women's Microfinance Fund: A Case Study of Corrosive Proceedings", Rural Development, 14 (4), 65-49. (Persian).

- Ghadiri Masoom, M., & Ahmadi, A. (2015). "Effective Structures on the Success of Microfinance Funds in the Economic Empowerment of Rural Women in Firoozkooh City", Human Geography Research, Volume 11, Volume 47, Issue 4, pp. 759-772. (Persian).

- Ghodsiyan, H., Mallammadi, M., & Shah Hassani, Z. (2014). "The Effect of Technical and Vocational Education on the Empowerment of Women", Teaching Skills", Vol 3, No. 11. (Persian).

- Gholipour, A. and Rahimian, A. (2009). “Relationship between economic, cultural and educational factors with women's empowerment of female-headed households”. Journal of Social Welfare. 11(40): 29-62. (Persian).

- Gholmohammadi, F. (2010). "Employment and Capacity Building of Rural Women", Entrepreneurship, No. 14, pp. 118-107. (Persian).

- Hennink, M., Kiiti, N., Pillinger, M., & Jayakaran, R. (2012). Defining empowerment: perspectives from international development organisations. Development in Practice, 22(2), 202-215.

- Heidari Sarban, V., &. Bakhtar, S., & Talei Hoor, V. (2016). "Evaluation and Impact of Social Capital Components on the Empowerment of Rural Women Case Study: Shiyan District, Islamabad, West", Women and Society, Vol 7, No. 4, pp 50-27. (Persian).

- Kaldi, A.,& Salahshori, P. (2012). "The Impact of Social Protection on Women's Empowerment", Social Development Studies, Vol. 4, No. 4, pp 7-22. (Persian).

- Ketebi, M., Yazdkhashti, B., Farrokhi Rastabi, Z. (2003). "Women's Empowerment for Participation in Development", Women's Research. Volume 1, Issue 7, Pages 5-30. (Persian).

- Khan., A. R. & Bibi, Z. (2011). “WOMEN’S SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT THROUGH PARTICIPATORY”. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, Volume 49, No. 1, 133-148.

- Khan, R. E. A., & Noreen, S. (2012). “Microfinance and women empowerment: A case study of District Bahawalpur (Pakistan)”. African Journal of Business Management, 6(12), 4514–4521.

- Malhatra A., p. (2002). "Measuring Women’s Empowerment as a Variable I International Development", World Bank Workshop on Poverty and Gender, june.

- Manikonda, R. (2014).” Self-Help Group Programmed: Level of Women Empowerment in Andhra Pradesh”. EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. II, Issue 7/ October 2014.

- Mara, J. G. and Jani S. L. (2014). ” Innovative Grassroots NGOS and the Complex Processes of Women’s Empowerment: An Empirical Investigation from Northern Tanzania”, World Development, Vol. 66, pp. 762–777, 2015 0305-750X/_ 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

- Moazzami, M. & Rahimi, A. (2005). "Study on the Coverage and Sustainability of Microfinance Schemes, Case Study, Microfinance Fund for Rural Women". Tehran: Rural Research Center and Office of Women's Affairs of the Ministry of Jihad- e-Agriculture.

- Rahman, Huma., M, Amin: A,N. (2015), “Role of Microfinance Institutions in Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Akhuwat, Pakistan”, A Research Journal of South Asian Studies, Vol. 30, No.1, January – June 2015, pp. 107 – 125

- Rani, M.S., Das, B. & Trupti, M. (2013). Empowerment of Women in Rural Odisha through Microenterprises. IOSR Journal of Humanities and SocialScience (IOSR-JHSS), Volume 12, Issue 1 (May- Jun. 2013). PP 01-08.

- Rehman, H., Moazzam, A., Ansari. N. (2015). Role of Microfinance Institutions in Women Empowerment: A Case Study of Akhuwat, Pakistan. South Asian Studies, Vol 30, No 1, 107-125.

- Riahi, B. (2006). “Human Empowerment: A task or a necessity”. Journal of Development and industry. 27: 10-16. (PERSIAN)

- Rifkin, S. B. (2003). “A framework linking community empowerment and health equity: It is matter of choice”, Journal of Health Population Nutrition. 21:168-180.

- Roling, N. G. and Engel, P. G. H. (1992). “The development of the concept of agricultural knowledge and information systems (AKIS): Implications for extension”, Elsevier Sci. Publ., Amsterdam (1992) Ch. 12, 125-139.

- Shadi Talab J. (2002). Development and Challenges of Women in Iran, Tehran, Ghatreh Publishing. (Persian).

- Shadlou, S. (2000). “The role of culture in balancing gender attitudes toward women’s empowerment, with emphasis on international document”, The first Conference on women’s empowerment. Tehran, Iran. (Persian).

- Shakouri, A., Rafat Jah, M., Jafari, M. (2007). "Women's Empowerment Components and the Factors Affecting them," Women's Research, Vol 5, No. 1, p. 1-7. (Persian).

- Sinha, B., Jha, S., & Negi, N. S. (2012). Migration and empowerment: the experience of women in households in India where migration of a husband has occurred. Journal of Gender Studies, 21(1), 61–76

- Spritzers, G.M. (1995), “Psychological Empowerment in the Workplace: Construct Definition, Measurement and Validation”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 38, No. 5, Pp. 1442-1465.

- Swain, R.B. (2007). Can Microfinance Empower Women? Self-Help Groups in India. Apia au Development Autonomy ADA Dialogue.

- Tofighianfar, A. H, Azizi, J., Saifouri B., Behjati Asl, F., & Ghayed Givi, F. (2016). "Investigating the relationship between self-sufficiency schemes of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee and the empowerment of women headed households (Case study: Kohkilouyeh and Boyer Ahmad province)", Women and Society, Vol 7, No. 2, summer of 1395, pp. 114-89. (Persian).

- Weber, O., & Ahmad, A. (2014). “Empowerment through microfinance: The relation between loan cycle and level of empowerment”, World Development, 62, 75–87.

- World Bank (2003).” Global Economic Prospectsand the Developing Countries 2003”, table 1.9, 118 p.

- Veltmeyer, h., (2010). The Poverty Report Ideas, Policies and Pathways, Development Forum, Canadian Association for the Study of International Development.

- zamany Myandshty,N., Atai, P. and Izadi, N. (2012). “Reviews the levels of empowerment among the rural womens cooperative (case study:Womens Cooperative Tfyhan city of Shiraz)”, Women in development and Policy, Volume 10 Number 4 Winter1391:172-153.(Persian).

- Ziaei, M., S., Nargsian, A., & Abyaghi Isfahani, S. (2008). "The Role of Spiritual Leadership in Empowerment of the Staff of Tehran University", Public Administration, No. 1, autumn and winter 87, pp. 67-86. (Persian).