مروری بر زمینه‌ها، انواع و پیامدهای مهاجرت بین المللی زنان

خواجه نوری, بیژن; شریفی, علی

doi:10.30495/jzvj.2022.22856.3019

مروری بر زمینه‌ها، انواع و پیامدهای مهاجرت بین المللی زنان

نوع مقاله : مقاله مروری

نویسندگان

¹ عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه شیراز

² علوم اجتماعی داشگاه شیراز

10.30495/jzvj.2022.22856.3019

چکیده

امروزه زنان از نظر جمعیتی تقریبا نیمی از جریان‌های مهاجرتی را در سطح بین‌المللی تشکیل می‌دهند. این هم‌وزنی مهاجرت‌های مردان و زنان، یکی از مهم‌ترین تحولات مهاجرتی اخیر بوده است که از دهه‌ی 1970 میلادی توجه محققان حوزه مهاجرت را به خود جلب کرده است. مطالعه حاضر به بررسی روندها، انواع، و ویژگی‌های مهاجرت‌های بین‌المللی زنان، مطابق با آخرین آمارها و گزارش‌های سازمان‌های جهانی پرداخته است. نتایج مطالعه نشان داد که این روند را می‌توان در بسترهای جهانی شدن و جنسیت مورد مداقه قرارد داد؛ به‌ویژه جهانی‌شدن تقاضا برای نیروی کار زنانه‌ی ارزان و فرمان‌بر را به طور چشمگیری افزایش داده است. زنان ممکن است آزادانه و یا به اجبار دست به مهاجرت بزنند. همچنین برای زنان، مهاجرت‌ می‌تواند به انگیزه‌ی رهایی از تبعیض‌ها و هنجارهای جنسیتی منقاد‌کننده‌ی زنان باشد. امکان ایجاد فرصت‌های برابر برای زنان در جابجایی‌های بین‌المللی و کسب فرصت‌های اقتصادی و اجتماعی مقتضی به دور از کلیشه‌های جنسیتی را می‌توان به عنوان مصداقی از سطوح توسعه در نظر آورد؛ گرچه زنان در این فرایند ممکن است با چالش‌هایی نیز مواجه شوند. از یکسو تقسیم جنسیتی کار در اقتصاد جهانی و از سوی دیگر کلیشه‌های جنسیتی، منافع مهاجرتی زنان را به نسبت مردان بیشتر در معرض خطر قرار می‌دهند. مهاجران زن غیر قانونی و همچنین زنان مهاجر غیر ماهر، بیشتر در معرض چنین مخاطراتی قرار دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

20.1001.1.20088566.1401.13.49.4.8

عنوان مقاله [English]

An Overview of the Contexts, Types and Consequences of Women's International Migration

نویسندگان [English]

Bijan Khaje Nouri ¹
Ali Sharifi ²

¹ Associate Professor in Sociology at Shiraz university

² Shiraz University

چکیده [English]

Today, Women comprise about half of the international migration flows. This weighting of men’s and women’s migration has been one of the most important recent migration developments that has attracted the attention of immigration researchers since the 1970s. The present study has investigated the trends, types, and characteristics of international migration of women in accordance with the latest statics and reports of international organizations. The results showed that this trend can be studied in the context of globalization and gender. In particular, globalization has greatly increased the demand for cheap and obedient female labor. Women may migrate freely or under duress. Also for women, the motivation for immigration can be freedom from discrimination and gender norms. Creating equal opportunities for women in international mobility and obtaining appropriate economic and social opportunities without gender stereotypes can be seen as an example of development. Although women in this process may also have to face challenges. On the one hand, the gender division of labor in the global economy, and on the other, gender stereotypes, put the immigrant interests of women in greater risk than men. Illegal female immigrants as well as unskilled immigrant women are more likely to be affected.

مروری بر زمینه‌ها، انواع و پیامدهای مهاجرت بین المللی زنان

An Overview of the Contexts, Types and Consequences of Women's International Migration

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