تحلیلی جامعه‌مدار از سیاست اصلاح و درمان محکومان (زن و مرد) و روش‌های آن

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات

2 دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی واحد علوم و تحقیقات

3 دانشگاه شهد بهشتی

4 دانشگاه شهید بهشتی

چکیده

قابلیتِ اصلاح و بازپروری زندانیان اعم از زن و مرد پیش‌فرض غالب جرم‌شناسی اصلاح زندانیان و لزوم پی‌ریزی یک برنامۀ روشمند برای بازگرداندنِ هنجارمند آنها به اجتماع پیشنهاد اصلی آن است. هدف مقالۀ حاضر بررسی و تحلیلی جامعه‌مدارانه و مبتنی بر بینش‌جامعه‌شناسانه-جرم‌شناسانه از برنامه و سیاست اصلاح و درمان و قلمرو روش‌های قابل اجرای آن می‌باشد. این پژوهش به شیوۀ توصیفی-تحلیلی و با استفاده از منابع کتابخانه‌ای و مراجعه به جدیدترین آموزه‌ها در حوزۀ جرم‌شناسی اصلاح و درمان انجام شده است. یافته‌های این تحقیق نشان داد که برنامۀ اصلاح و درمان زندانیان بالذات متأثر از واقعیات و انتظارات جامعۀ آزاد بوده و متناسب با تفاوت‌های فردی و اجتماعی میان زنان و مردان علاوه بر یکسری طرح‌ها و روش‌های اجراییِ مشترک، تدابیری مستقل و منحصر به فرد نیز دارد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد که اجرای یک روش خاص و محدود و نیز اجرای روش‌های سنتی اصلاحی-درمانی نمی‌تواند موجبات تغییر رفتار زندانیان را اعم از زن و مرد فراهم آورد. لذا قواعد و مقررات ناظر بر گفتمان اصلاح و درمان در محیط کیفری بایستی متناسب با شرایط و ویژگی‌های خاص دسته‌های مختلف زندانیانِ زن و مرد دچار تحول و دگردیسی گردد. باید ضمن بهره‌گیری از آموزه‌های اصلاحی عام و مشترک، رویکردها و الگوهایی افتراقی و ویژه نیز در قبال زنان و مردان محکوم مدنظر قرار گیرد تا بتوان بر قابلیت‌های اصلاحی محیط کیفری و نظام زندانبانی و نیز احتمال بازگشت موفقیت‌آمیز و هنجارمندانۀ محکومان به اجتماعِ آزاد افزود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Community-Based Analysis of the Corrections and Treatment Policies of Convicts (Men and Women) and Its Methods

نویسندگان [English]

  • salman konani 1
  • mojammadali ,ahdavi sabet 2
  • ali safariy 3
  • mohammad ali ardebili 4
1 islamic azad university
2 islamic azad university
3 shahid beheshti university
4 shahid beheshti university
چکیده [English]

The Prisoners(Men or Womens) capability for rehabilitation is a Major hypothesis of Correctional criminology, and the Necessity of Creating a methodical program for prisoner re-entry to the Society is a main purpose of it. The purpose of this article is to Criminological and Sociological examine the Treatment policy and its Methods. This research has a descriptive and analytical methods, and Referring with a new Criminological approaches in regard Correctional Criminology. The findings of this study showed that the prison treatment program is inherently rooted in societies facts and expectations, and this program is tailored to the individual and social differences between men and women, in addition to joint plans, it also has independent measures. The results of this study showed that Implementation of a specific and restrictive approach, as well as the implementation of traditional methods, cannot change the behavior of prisoners. Therefore, the rules and regulations governing the idea of reforming prisoners in prison should be adapted to the conditions and characteristics of different categories of male and female prisoners. While using common and reforming ideas, specific models should also be taken into account for women and men in prison, to add to the prisons remedial capability and prison system and the possibility of a successful and normative return of convicts to the society.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Correction and Treatment program
  • Prisoner
  • Rehabilitation
  • Men and Women
-Allen, F. (1981). The Decline of the Rehabilitative Idea, first edition, Yale University press.
-Ashori, et al. (1397). Recognition and Definition Based on Criminological Thought of Correcting and Treatment of Prisoners, Journal of Legal and Judicial Research, First year, No.1.(Persian).
-Ardebili, M.A. (1393). Public Criminal Law, third volume, Tehran: Mizan. (Persian).
-Burkhead, M.D. (2007). The Treatment of Criminal offenders, North Carolina: Mcfarland & Company publishers.
-Boston, C.M, et al. (2001). Changing Offenders behavior: Evaluation Moral Reconnation Therapy (MRT) in the Better People Program, Portland.
-Barker, E. (1934). Natural Law and the Theory of Society, Volume 2, London: Cambridge University press.
-Cullen, F.T, et al. (1988). Is Rehabilitation dead? The myth of the punitive public, Journal of Criminal Justice, 16.
-Dina, R.R, and Todd, R.C. (1998). Incarceration, Social Capital and Crime: Examining the Unintended Consequences of Incarceration, Criminology, 36, pp.441-450.
-Eight United Nations Congress on the prevention of Crime and the Treatment of offenders, Resolution 19, Report of the 8th United Nation Congress on the prevention of Crime and Treatment of Offenders.(1990). UN Doc. AlCOF, 144/ 28/ Rev.1.
-Emmerson, B, and Ashworth, A. (2001). Human Rights and Criminal Justice, first edition, London, pp.41-97.
-Fattah, E.A. (1997). Criminology: Past, Present and Future; A Critical Overview, Canada, Palgrave Macmillan Publisher.
-Garabedian, P.G. (1963). Social Roles and Processes of Socialization in the Prison Community, Social Problems, 11(2).
-Glasser, W. (1965). Reality Therapy: A New Approach to psychiatry, New York,; Harper and Row.
-Hajidehabadi, M.A. (1388). The Criminals Treatments in Irans Legislative Criminal Policy, Law Review, 39(3). (Persian).
-Hamidkhani, M. (1384). Criminal Treatment in Irans Criminal Law, Master thesis in Criminal law and Criminology, Shahid Beheshti university. (Persian).
-Ives, G. (1914). A Histiry of Penal Methodes, London.
-Karpman, B. (1929). Psychotherapy and the Criminal Insane, Psychiatric Quarterly, 3(3).
-Konani, S.(1389). Criminal Treatments in the period of Crime Risk Management, Master thesis in Criminal law and Criminology, Shiraz university. (Persian).
-Little, G, and Robinson, K. (1986). How to escape your Prison: A Moral Reconnation Therapy, Memphis: Eagle Wing Books.
-Miceli, V. (2009). Analyzing the effectiveness of rehabilitation programs, university of Rhode Island.
-Morrison, W.(1995). Theoretical Criminology: From Modernity to Post- Modern, London: Cavendish.
-Morris, E.K, and Braukman, C.J.(1987). Behavioral Approaches to Crime and Delinquency: A Handbook of Application Research and Concepts, New York.
-Morse, S.J. (1977). Psychotherapy: Comparative Casebook, New York.
-Moazami, S. (1383). Criminological Investigation of Womens Offenses, in the collection of articles in regard Commemorating Dr. Ashori, Tehran: Samt.(Persian).
-Nejatollahi, M. (1392). Teoretical Foundations and Implementation Mechanisms of Treatment, Master thesis in Criminal law and Criminology, Shahid Beheshti university. (Peraian).   
-Palmer, T. (1975). Martinson Revisited, Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 12(2).
-Perls, F.S, Hefferline, R.F and Goodman, P.(1951). Gestalt Therapy, First edition, New York.
-Polaschek, D.L, et al. (2005). Cognitive – behavior Rehabilitation for high risk violent offenders, Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 20.
-Robinson, D. (1995). The Impact of Cognitive skills Training on Post- Release Recidivism among Canada federal offenders, Ottawa: Correctional Service of Canada.
-Richard, S.S. (2011). Theories of Psychoterapy& Counseling: Concepts and Cases, Five Edition, U.S.A: Boston; Brooks Cole press.
-Rothman, D.J. (1980). Conscience and Convenience; the asylum and its alternative in progressive America, First edition, Boston: Little Brown.
-Singleton, N, et al. (1998). Psychiatric Morbidity among Prisons in England and Wales, London: Stationary Office.
-Sechrest, L. (1987). Classification for Treatment, in Gottfredson, M.D and Torny, M; Prediction and Classification, Chicago: University of Chicago press.
-Saunders, T. J. (1994). Platos penal Code; Tradition, Controversy and Reform in Greek Penology, Oxford: Clarendon press.
-Shafer, L.R. (1991). Can Punishment Morally educate? Law and Philosophy, 10, pp. 189-219.
-Sixth United Nations Congress on Crime and the Treatment of offenders.(2006). Resolution 9, Specific needs Women Prisoners, A/ CONF.84/ 14/ REV.1.
-Todd, R.C, et al. (2006). American Corrections, Seventh edition, California: Belmont.
-Thomas, G. B, and Karol, L. (2000). American Penology: A History of Control, New York.
-Vanden Hage, E. (1975). Punishing Criminals, New York, first edition.
-Vann joines, and Stewart, I. (1396). Transactional Analysis, Translate By Bahman Dadgostar, Tehran: Dayereh. (Peraian).
-White, S.O, and Brown, E.D. (1979). The Rehabilitation of Criminal offenders: Problems and Prospects, Washington, D.C: National Academy of Science.
-Wilson, J, and Hernstein, R. (1985). Crime and Human Nature, New York: Simon and Schuster, pp.9-47.
-Yalom, I. (1995). The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy, 4th edition, New York: Basic Books.
-Yochelson, S, and Samenow, S.E. (1976). The Criminal Personality, New York.