Husbands’ attitudes toward Violence Against the Wives: A Case Study of Shiraz City

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

Abstract

The main aim of this article was to examine the relationship between demographic, social, cultural and psychological factors and husbands’ attitudes toward violence against wives in the family. The sampling frame of this survey research comprised all monogamous men in Shiraz with at least one year of marital life. 400 men selected as the sample of the study employing a multistage stratified random sampling strategy responded to a questionnaire. The results of this research showed that there was no significant relationship between husband's age and the education difference of couples and the husband’s attitudes toward violence against wives. However, there was a significant relationship between the number of children, husband’s marriage age, age difference of the couple, husband’s beliefs about gender stereotypes, husband's ethnicity, husband's job, husband’s observation of parents’ violence in the original family, husband’s satisfaction with marital life and the husband’s attitude toward violence against the wife. The findings of research, further, indicated a strong correlation between the cultural factor of husband’s beliefs about gender stereotypes and the husband’s attitude toward diverse types of violence against the wife
 

Keywords


1 احمدی، ح . 1384 . جامعه شناسی انحرافات، تهران: سمت.
 -2 اعظم زاده، م . و دهقان فرد، ر . 1385 . "خشونت علیه زنان در تهـران : نقـش جامعـه پـذیری جنـسیتی،
منابع در دسترس زنان و روابط خانوادگی" پژوهش زنان، دوره 4 ی ، شماره 2و1 ی ، صص 159-179 .
 -3 اوپنهایم، ا . ان. 1369 . طرح پرسشنامه و سنجش نگرش ها، ترجمه ی مرضیه کریم نیا، مشهد: انتشارات
آستان قدس .
 -4 تریاندیس، ه . ل. چ. 1378 . فرهنگ و رفتار اجتماعی، ترجمه ی نصرت فتی، تهران: نشر رسانش .
 -5 حیـدری، . ر .ا 1383 . بررسـی عوامـل مـوثر بـر رابطـه ی هویـت ملـی و قـومی: مطالعـه ی مـوردی:
شــهر نــور آبــاد ممــسنی . پایــان نامــه ی کارشناســی ارشــد، شــیراز: دانــشگاه شــیراز، بخــش
جامعه شناسی و برنامه ریزی .
 -6 زنگنه، . م 1380 . بررسی جامعه شناختی عوامـل مـوثر بـر خـشونت شـوهران علیـه زنـان در خـانواده :
مطالعه ی موردی شهر بوشهر. پایان نام ه ی کارشناسی ارشد، شیراز: دانشگاه شیراز، بخش جامعه شناسی و
برنامه ریزی .
 -7 ساروخانی، ب. 1381 . مقدمه ای بر جامعه شناسی خانواده، تهران: انتشارات سروش .
 -8 سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی . 1384 . سالنامه ی آماری، شیراز: سازمان مدیریت و برنامه ریزی .
 -9 شمس اسفند آباد، ح . و امامی پور، س . 1382 . "بررسی میزان رواج همسر آزاری و عوامل مـؤثر بـر آن "
فصلنامه ی پژوهش زنان، دوره 1 ی ، شماره 5 ی ، صص -59. 82
 -10 کلانتری، صمد و. حمیدیان . ا 1387 . "بررسی عوامل موثر بر خشونت های خانگی (با تاکید بر
خشونت علیه زنان در شهر اصفهان .) " فصلنامه ی توسعه ی انسانی، دوره ی سوم، شماره ی چهارم، صص
49 . 64-
 -11 کار، . م 1379 . پژوهشی درباره ی خشونت علیه زنان در ایران، تهران: انتشارات روشنگران و مطالعات
زنان.
 -12 کوئن، ب.1374 . مبانی جامعه شناسی، ترجمه و اقتباس غلامعباس توسلی و رضا فاضل، تهران: سمت .
 -13 مقدس، ع. 1374 . "منزلت مشاغل در جامعه ی شهری ایران: مورد مطالعه شهر شیراز." مجله ی علوم
 -14 مولاوردی، ش. 1385 . کالبد شکافی خشونت علیه زنان، تهران: نشرحقوق دان .
15-Barnett, O. W., C. L .Miller-Perrin, and R. D. Perrin (2005). Family
Violence Across the Life Span. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.
16-Berkel, L. A. (1999). Two Causal Models of Domestic Violence Attitudes:
An Examination of The Direct and Indirect Influences of Socioeconomics
Status, Spirituality, Religiosity, Sex Role Attitudes and Gender By Race.
PhD Thesis. United States: Pennsylvania State University. 
17-Carlson, B. E. (1984). "Causes and maintenance of domestic violence: an
ecological analysis ". Social Service Reviews., Vol.58, pp.569-587.
18-Cunningham, A., P. G. Jaffe, L. Baker. T. Dick, S. Malla, N. Mazaheri, S.
Poisson. (1998). " Theory-explanation of male violence against female
partners: literature update and related implications for treatment and
evaluation." London family court clinic, [Online].<
http://www.lfcc.on.ca/maleviolence.pdf >.[18 Aug 2007]
19-Dobash, R. E. and R. P. Dobash (1978). “Wives: the appropriate
victims of marital violence.” Victim logy. Vol. 2, No.3, pp. 426-442.
20-Douki, S. F. Nacef, A. Belhadj, A. Bouasker, and R. Ghachem. (2003).
"Violence against women in Arab and Islamic countries." Archives of
women's mental health. Vol. 6, pp. 165-171.
21-Garcia, E. And J. Herrero. (2006). "Public attitudes toward reporting partner
violence against women and reporting behavior" Journal of Marriage and
the Family. Vol.68, No.3, pp. 759-768.
22-Gelles, R. J. and M. A. Straus (1978). “Violence in the American family.”
Journal of Social Issues, Vol. 35, No. 2, pp. 15-39.
23-Harmon, P. A. (2001). Why Do Men Batter Women? Assessing Empathy,
Self-Regard and Narcissism Levels and Attitudes Toward Women, Men's
Roles and Family of Origin Experiences Among Middle to Upper Class
Male Batterers. PhD Thesis. United States: Ohio State University.
24-Heise, L. L. (1998). "Violence against women: an integrated. Ecological
framework." Violence Against Women., Vol.4, No.3, pp.262-290.
25-Jaoko, J. O. (2005). Ecological Correlates of Violence Against Women. PhD
Thesis. United States: University of Texas.
26-Jarchow, A. L. (2004). Analyzing Attitudes Toward Violence Against
Women. PhD Thesis. United States: Idaho State University.
27-Jasinski, J. L. (1996). Structural Inequalities, Family and Cultural Factors,
and Spousal Violence Among Anglo and Hispanic Americans. PhD Thesis.
England: The University of Hampshire.
28-Jasinski, J. L. (2001). "Theoretical explanation for violence against women"
in C. M. renzetti, J. L. Edleson and R. K. Buergen (Eds), The Sourcebook
on Violence Against Women, pp.5-22. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
Publications.
29-Kalmuss, D. (1984). "The intergenerational transmission of marital
aggression." Journal of Marriage and the Family, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp. 11-19.
30-Lin, N. (1976). Foundation of Social Research., New York: McGraw Hill.
31-Lips, H. M. (2003). A New Psychology of Women. New York:
McGraw-Hill Higher Education. 
32-McKenry, P.C., T.W.Julian, S.M.Gavazzi.(1995)." Toward a
biopsychosocial model of domestic violence." Journal of Marriage and the
Family, Vol. 57,pp. 307-320.
33-Nayak, M. B., A. G. Abra, M. K. Martin, C. A. byrne. (2003). "Attitudes
toward violence against women: a cross-nation study." Sex Roles, Vol. 49,
pp. 333-340.
34-Newman, D. M. and L. Grauerholz (2002). Sociology of Families. London:
Pine Forge Press.
35-O’Brien, J. E. (1971). “Violence in divorce prone families.” Journal of
Marriage and the Family, Vol. 33, pp. 692-698.
36-O’Leary, K. D. (1988). "Physical aggression between spouses: a
social learning theory perspective." in V.B.Van Hasselt (ed.).Handbook of
Family Violence., pp. 57-86, New York: Plenum Press.
37-Resko, S. M. (2007). Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: Exploring
Intersections of Race, Class and Gender. PhD Thesis. United States: The
Ohio State University.
38-Schwertscharf, J. (2001). Male attitudes toward violence against women. Ms
Thesis. United States: California State University.
39-Silverman, J. G. (2001). "Dating violence against adolescent girls
and associated substance use, unhealthy weight control, sexual risk
behavior, pregnancy and suicidality." Journal of the American
Medical Association., Vol.286, pp.572-579.
40-Stickley, A., O. Kislitsyna, I. Timofeeva, D. Vagero.(2008)." Attitudes
toward intimate partner violence against women in Moscow, Russia."
Journal of Family Violence, Vol.23, pp. 447-456.
41-Stith, S. (1990) "Police response to domestic violence: the influence of
individual and familial factors." Violence and Victims.,Vol. 5, pp. 37-49.
42-Tong, A. R. W. C. (2003). A Multivariate Path Model for Understanding
Male Spousal Violence Against Women: A Canadian Study. PhD Thesis.
Canada: University of Toronto.
43-Turner, J. H. (2003). The Structure of Sociological Theory. California:
Thomson, Wadsworth.
44-Widom, C. S. (1989). "Does violence beget violence? a critical examination
of the literature." Psychological Bulletin, Vol.106, No.1, pp.3-28.