The Second Sex in the philosophy of Schopenhauer and critical view of Islam

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• A Hosseini
• S.F Didehvari

Abstract

    The study has been conducted on the basis of studying and analyzing Schopenhauer's social criticism on the women’s issue and emphasizing his article about women. The starting point of our discussion begins with the question whether Schopenhauer generally criticized women’s existence or their life conditions. However, what results can be achieved from Islamic teachings in comparison with the views of the philosopher. using the philosophical and hermeneutical analysis method, offering some contemporary scholars and researchers' views on issues of feminism school and relying on the clear and significant difference between legal and philosophical feminism, it can be said that the pessimistic philosopher’s views came from his metaphysical pessimism and specifically refer to the beginning of his philosophical thought. In fact, his views on the women’s issues have more legal perspective than a philosophical one. So, with a focus on the outlooks of Islam and the West on the women’s personality, two different views have been expressed: Islam holds a metaphysical and sometimes emotional view on the women’s issues but the West takes an instinctive and sometimes legal view on the women’ issues, also Schopenhauer is greatly influenced by the Western outlook. Therefore, this article attempted to assess and comment on the theories of Schopenhauer.by expressing his and Islamic views about women’s issues.

Keywords

• feminism
• Schopenhauer
• Islam
• Metaphysical
• Hermeneutic

20.1001.1.20088566.1396.8.31.4.7

---

References

- Bayyat, Abddolrasul, (2002). Dictionary words, first edition, Qom, thought and Religious culther, p.427.(Persian).

- Bishop, paul, (2003). Social critique and aesthetics in Schopenhauer, in history of European ideas , pp.411-435.

- Christopher, Janaway, (1999). The Cambridge Companion to Schopenhauer; Cambridge University Press.

- Copleston, Feredrick,(2003). History of Philosophy (from Fiesta to Nietzsche), translated by Darush ashury, scientific and cultural publications, thitd edition,p 260. (Persian).

- Durant, William James, (1990). the history of philosophy, Vol.8, Translation by Abbas Zaryab, Tehran, Islamic Revolution.p.281,287,288. (Persian).

- Ebn Abi Al-Hadid, Abul hameed ibn Hebbat Allah, Description of Nahjjolbalagheh, (2010). Vol 20, GHolamreza layyeghi translation, Nayyestan publications,P291.(Persian).

- Foroughi, Mohammad Ali, (1965). Wisdon in Europe, Tehran,  Zavvar, p.85. (Persian).

- Goldstein, L (1982). “Early Feminist Themes in French Utopian Socialism: The St.-Simonians and Fourier”, Journal of the History of Ideas, vol.43, No. 1p.92..

- Hamedani, Moshfegh, (1957). Schopenhauer’s thoughts, Ayatollah Boroujerdi library, second edition, p.118. (Persian).

- Javvadi Amolly, Abdollah, (2007). Woman in the Mirror Jalal and Jamal Elahi, fourteenth edition, Investigating and setting up Mohammad Latifi, Qom, publisher Asra,p.20,41,86,232. (Persian).

- Kamali, Seyyed Ali, (2009). Quran and woman position, seventh edition, osweh publication, pp.25-26.(Persian).

- Khattami, Mahmoud, (2006). Philosophical schools in the Twentieth century, Tehran, Tehran university press, p.2019. (Persian).

- Khorramshahi, Bahaoddin, (1992). Dictionary of philosophy and social sciences, second edition, Tehran, p.73. (Persian).

- Mehrizi, Mahdi, (2003). The personality  and rights of woman in Islam, scientific and cultural publication, p.68.(Persian).

- Mojtahedi, Karim, (2008). From luther to Nietzsche in Germany, Tehran, institute of Humanities and cultural studies, p538.(Persian).

- Moshirzadeh, Homaira, (2003). From movment to social theory, history of feminism two centuries, First edition, Shirazeh publication, Tehran, p309. (Persian).

- Mottahary, Morteza, (1974). Collection of Researches, Sexuality in Islam and the Western World, Qom, sadra, pp.14-15. (Persian).

- Mottahary, Morteza, (1998). Collection, Vol 19, sadra, p.137,175,223. (Persian).

- Mottahary, Morteza,(2010). Womans rights system in Islam, Qom, Al taha publishing, p.31. (Persian).

- Palmer, Richard, (1998). Hermeneutic science, Translation by Mohammad Saeed Hanayi Kashani, Tehran, Hermes, p.p.20-21.(Persian).

Quran karim.(Arabic)

- Rassel, Bertrand, (1986). History of western philosophy, Vol.2, translation by Najjaf Darya Bandari, Tehran, Parvaz publishing, p.1032.(Persian).

- Remon, didiye, (2000). Schopenhauer, translation by Bita Shamsini, Tehran, Phoenix publishing, p.7.(Persian).

- Sadroddin shirazi, Mohammad, (1989). Al-hikma al- Motaleyah fi Al-Asfar al-arbeah, Beirut, Dar-alahiya al-tatar Al- arabi, p.239. (Arabic).

- Susanne mabuss, (1988). Schopenhauer fur Anfanger: die welt als wille und vorstellung: Eine lese-Einfuhrung(Munich: Deutscher Taschenbnch verlag, p.p.25,31,32.

- Tafe, Tams, (2000). Arthur Schopenhauer’s philosophy, translation by Abdul Ali Dastghaib, Tehran, publishing a Porsesh, p.171,185. (Persian).

- Tohidi, Ahmad Reza,(2002). The paper examines the movement of Feminism in the West and Iran, first edition, Vol.1, proceeding of Islam and feminism, Qom, Maaref publication, p.162-163. (Persian).

- Vaezy, Ahmad, (2001). Introduction on Hermeneutics, Tehran, cultural institute of Danesh and contemporary, p.p.30-31.(Persian).

- Vali yari, Reza, (2007). World and philosopher refelections, Excerpts from Arthur Schopenhauer’s writings, center publishing, p.32,59,60,63,65,68,73. (Persian).

- Vali yari, R. (2014). The World as will and Idea, Vol.1&2, fifth edition, center publishing, p.981.(Persian).

- Zibayi nejhad, Mohammad Reza & Sobhani Mohammad Taghi, (2000), Introduction of to the Womans personality system in Islam, P.27.(Persian).

- Zibayi nejhad, Mohammad Reza, (2003). Article introduction of feminism, feminism and feminism knowledge, Publication office of womans studies and research,PP 18-19. (Persian).