Developing a Framework of Requirements and Conditions for Realizing Women's Qualifications and Capabilities: A Case Study of Fars Province Women

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

• babak shamshiri ¹
• fahimeh keshavarzi ²

¹ Associate Professor, Department of Fundamentals of Education, Faculty of Education and Psychology. Shiraz University, Shiraz. Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Management and Educational Planning, Faculty of Education and Psychology. Shiraz University, Shiraz. Iran

10.30495/jzvj.2021.24609.3204

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to identify the requirements and conditions for realizing the development of women's empowerment based on Iranian women's competencies. The method of the present study is a qualitative case study. Potential participants in this study included experts and faculty in various fields of education (sociology), sociology, law and psychology as well as sample women in Fars province (sample managers and mothers), using purposive sampling and The theoretical saturation criterion was selected from 15 experts and 10 sample mothers and 5 sample women with managerial tenure. The method of data collection was in-depth interview and study of documents related to the research subject. The content analysis method was used to study the requirements and conditions for the realization of women's empowerment development based on Iranian women's merit. As a result, the requirements and conditions for the realization of women's empowerment development were formulated into five components of organizing educational-political, socio-economic, cultural, and family environment. Accreditation and reliability techniques were used to validate the qualitative results.

Keywords

• Empowerment
• Development
• Women
• Requirements and Conditions
• Iranian Society

20.1001.1.20088566.1400.12.47.2.5

---

References

1.       Afrin, S. (2008). A Multivariate Model of Micro Credit and Rural Women Entrepreneurship Development in Bangladesh, International Journal of Business and Management 16(1), 169–185.

2.       United Nations, General Assembly resolution 70/1 (21 October 2015). Transforming our world: The 2030 agenda for sustainable development, A/RES/70/1.  

3.       Kabeer, N. (1999). Resources, agency, achievements: Reflections on the measurement of women’s empowerment. Development and Change, 30, 435–464.

4.       Galiè, A., Jiggins, J., Struik, P. C., Grando, S., & Ceccarelli, S. (2017). Women’s empowerment through seed improvement and seed governance: Evidence from participatory barley breeding in pre-war Syria. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 81, 1-8.

5.       Bhat, R. A. (2015). Role of Education in the Empowerment of Women in India. Journal of Education and Practice, 6(10), 188-191.

6.       Bayeh, E. (2016). The role of empowering women and achieving gender equality to the sustainable development of Ethiopia. Pacific Science Review B: Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 37-42.

7.       Environmental Protection Authority (2012). United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development, National Report of Ethiopia.

8.       Women, U. N. (2014). World Survey on the role of women in development 2014: Gender Equality and Sustainable Development. A report signed by the Secretary General and Executive Director, UN Women.[PDF].

9.       Sen, G. (2019). Gender Equality and Women's Empowerment: Feminist Mobilization for the SDG s. Global Policy, 10, 28-38.

10.   UN Women (2016). UN Women Annual Report 2015-2016.

11.   Sen, G. and Mukherjee, A. (2014) ‘No Empowerment without Rights, No Rights without Politics: Gender Equality, the MDGs and the Post 2015 Development Agenda’, Journal of Human Development and Capabilities, 15 (2-3 (2-3), pp. 188–202.

12.   Miedema, S. S., Haardörfer, R., Girard, A. W., & Yount, K. M. (2018). Women’s empowerment in East Africa: Development of a cross-country comparable measure. World Development, 110, 453-464.

13.   Gupta, S., Vemireddy, V., Singh, D., & Pingali, P. (2019). Adapting the Women's empowerment in agriculture index to specific country context: Insights and critiques from fieldwork in India. Global Food Security, 23, 245-255.

14.   Huis, M. A., Hansen, N., Otten, S., & Lensink, R. (2019). The impact of husbands' involvement in goal‐setting training on women's empowerment: First evidence from an intervention among female microfinance borrowers in Sri Lanka. Journal of Community & Applied Social Psychology, 29(4), 336-351

15.   Hannan, A., Heckert, J., James‐Hawkins, L., & Yount, K. M. (2020). Cognitive interviewing to improve women's empowerment questions in surveys: Application to the health and nutrition and intrahousehold relationships modules for the project‐level Women's Empowerment in Agriculture Index. Maternal & child nutrition, 16(1), e12871.

16.   Deutsch, J., & Silber, J. (2019). Women’s Empowerment and Child Malnutrition: The Case of Mozambique. South African Journal of Economics, 87(2), 139-179.

17.   Galiè, A., Teufel, N., Girard, A. W., Baltenweck, I., Dominguez-Salas, P., Price, M. J., ... & Smith, K. (2019). Women’s empowerment, food security and nutrition of pastoral communities in Tanzania. Global Food Security, 23, 125-134.

18.   Yount, K. M., Crandall, A., & Cheong, Y. F. (2018). Women’s age at first marriage and long-term economic empowerment in Egypt. World Development, 102, 124–134

19.   Cunningham, K., Ferguson, E., Ruel, M., Uauy, R., Kadiyala, S., Menon, P., & Ploubidis, G. (2019). Water, sanitation, and hygiene practices mediate the association between women's empowerment and child length‐for‐age z‐scores in Nepal. Maternal & child nutrition, 15(1), e12638.

20.   Huis, M. A., Hansen, N., Otten, S., & Lensink, R. (2017). A three-dimensional model of women's empowerment: Implications in the field of microfinance and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1–14. doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01678

21.   Bonilla, J., Zarzur, R. C., Handa, S., Nowlin, C., Peterman, A., Ring, H., ... & Team, Z. C. G. P. E. (2017). Cash for Women’s Empowerment? A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of the Government of Zambia’s Child Grant Program. World Development, 95, 55-72.

22.   Perryman, L. A., & de los Arcos, B. (2016). Women’s empowerment through openness: OER, OEP and the Sustainable Development Goals. Open Praxis, 8(2), 163-180.

23.   Baird, D. A. (2014). Intercultural factors in the Peace Corps' role as a change agent in the empowerment of rural Guatemalan women. University of the Pacific.

24.   Tarasi, Z., Karimzadeh, H., Aghayari hir, M. (2019). Investigating factors and stimuli affecting the empowerment of rural women (Case study: Zanjan city). researches in Geographical Sciences, 19 (54), 237-257. [Persian]

25.   Ahmadi, P. (2019). The Role of Ecotourism Development in Entrepreneurship and Empowerment of Women in Aras Free Trade-Industrial Zone, MSc Thesis, Faculty of Planning and Environmental Sciences, Tabriz University. [Persian]

26.   Hajizadeh, A., & Hafezian, M. (2019). Identifying the components of empowerment of female managers in education and providing a suitable model. Journal of Woman & Society, 10(37), 45-72. [Persian]

27.   Asvadian, F. (2018). Investigating the Identification of Barriers to Empowering and Promoting the Management of Cultural Women in Mazandaran Province Education, MSc Thesis, Faculty of Humanities, Amol Institute of Higher Education. [Persian]

28.   Nemat Allah, M. (2018). Identification of Factors Affecting Empowerment of Female Head of Household in Qom Province, MA Thesis, Tolo Mehr Institute of Higher Education, Qom.

29.   Nadinejad, F. (2016). Investigating the practical aspects of respect for mother from the perspective of the Quran. National Conference on the Status and the Role of Mother, Shiraz University. [Persian]

30.   Behpajoh, A. (2016). Mother roles. National Conference on the Status and the Role of Mother. Navid Shiraz International Publications. [Persian]

31.   Asna Ashari, Seyed Mohammad Khalil and Barani, Mahshid (2016). The Impact of Art on Innovative Presentation of Mother's Position in Society. National Conference on the Status and the Role of Mother, Navid Shiraz International Publications. [Persian]

32.   Gholipour, A., Rahimian, A. (2011). Economic, Cultural, and Educational Factors Related to Empowerment of Head-of-Household Women. Refahj, 11 (40), 29-62. [Persian]

33.   Kermani, M., Mazlum Khorasani, Mo., Behravan, H., and Noghani, M. (2013). Factors Affecting the Empowerment of Female Head of Households Study: Women Working in Kowsar Centers of Tehran Municipality in 2012. Iranian Sociology, 14 (3),116-148. [Persian]

34.   Danaeifard, H., Alvani, S. M., & Azar, H. (2013). Qualitative Research Methodology in Management: A Comprehensive Approach. Saffar Publications. Fifth Edition. [Persian]

35.   Creswell, J. W. (2007). Five qualitative approaches to inquiry. Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches, 2, 53-80.

36.   Brown, S. S., & Clarke, I. C. (2006). A review of lubrication conditions for wear simulation in artificial hip replacements. Tribology transactions, 49(1), 72-78.

37.   Attride-Stirling, J. (2001). Thematic networks: an analytic tool for qualitative research. Qualitative research, 1(3), 385-405.

38.   Samarakoon, S., & Parinduri, R. A. (2015). Does education empower women? Evidence from Indonesia. World Development, 66, 428-442.

39.   Guinée, N. (2014). Empowering women through education: Experiences from Dalit women in Nepal. International Journal of Educational Development, 39, 173-180.

40.   Latu, I. M., Mast, M. S., Lammers, J., & Bombari, D. (2013). Successful female leaders empower women's behavior in leadership tasks. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 49(3), 444-448.

41.   Sundström, A., Paxton, P., Wang, Y. T., & Lindberg, S. I. (2017). Women’s Political Empowerment: A New Global Index, 1900–2012. World Development, 94, 321-335.