Predicting the attitude of extramarital relationships based on the dark dimensions of personality and the quality of attachment in married women

Rahnema, Fateme; Ahmadi, Sedighe; Zahrakar, Kianoush

doi:10.30495/jzvj.2023.29719.3760

Predicting the attitude of extramarital relationships based on the dark dimensions of personality and the quality of attachment in married women

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

¹ Master of Family Counseling, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Karaj, Iran

² Assistant Professor Department of counselling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

³ Professor, Department of Counseling, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran

10.30495/jzvj.2023.29719.3760

Abstract

Introduction: The aim of this study was to predict attitudes toward extramarital relationships based on the dark dimensions of personality and the quality of attachment in married women.
Methods: The present study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of this study included married women who referred to Razi Counseling Center in Karaj in 1400. 191 people were considered as a sample through available sampling method. For data collection, the extramarital relationship attitude questionnaire (Watley, 2008), the Dark Triple Personality Scale (Johnson and Webster, 2010), the adult attachment style questionnaire (Collins and Reed, 1996) were used. The data of this study were analyzed using Pearson correlation test and multivariate regression analysis.
Findings: The results of regression analysis showed that the total score of the dark personality triangle and the psychopath dimension separately can predict attitudes toward extramarital relationships in married women. But Machiavellian traits and narcissism as well as attachment styles are not able to predict the attitude of extramarital affairs in married women.
Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, it can be said that the level of honesty, happiness and sense of humanity in psychopaths is low and has a great relationship with overnight relationships and types of sexual infidelity without creating a sensory and emotional relationship. Relationships are short-lived and due to lack of commitment, betrayal is high in such people.
Keywords: Attitude towards extramarital affairs, dark dimensions of personality, quality of attachment.

Keywords

References

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2. Zaal B, Arab A, Sanagouye-Moharer GR. Comparing the Effects of Forgiveness and Self-Compassion Training on Marital Conflicts in Females Facing Marital Infidelity. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2020; 10(0):192-.

3. Umemura T, Lacinová L, Kotrčová K, Fraley RC. Similarities and differences regarding changes in attachment preferences and attachment styles in relation to romantic relationship length: longitudinal and concurrent analyses. Attachment & human development. 2018;20(2):135-59.

4. John NA, Seme A, Roro MA, Tsui AO. Understanding the meaning of marital relationship quality among couples in peri-urban Ethiopia. Culture, health & sexuality. 2017; 19(2):267-78.

5. Jones DN, Weiser DA. Differential infidelity patterns among the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual differences. 2014; 57:20-4.

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7. Brewer G, Hunt D, James G, Abell L. Dark Triad traits, infidelity and romantic revenge. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015; 83:122-7.

8. He Q, Wang Y, Xing Y, Yu Y. Dark personality, interpersonal rejection, and marital stability of Chinese couples: An actor–partner interdependence mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences. 2018; 134:232-8.

9. Mirzaee Jahed A, Saberi H. The prediction of marital disaffection of women based on their sexual attitudes and their husbands’ tendency toward dark personality. Q Appl Psychol. 2019; 13(3):371-89.

10. Shafiee Z, Ghamarani A. The role of dark personality and flourishing in couples burn out. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society. 2017;8(29):77-94.

11. Sadri Damirchi A, Fathi D, Hashemi Mehr M. Investigating the role of mediation of differentiation in attachment styles and affiliation-family adaptation with marital disturbance of parents with special learning disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2020; 9(2):58-80.

12. Sandberg JG, Bradford AB, Brown AP. Differentiating between attachment styles and behaviors and their association with marital quality. Family process. 2017; 56(2):518-31.

13. Kale E. Attachment styles and job performance in the hospitality industry: the mediating role of general self-efficacy. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. 2020; 19(1):23-42.

14. Biratu AA, Asmamaw DK. Farmers’ perception of soil erosion and participation in soil and water conservation activities in the Gusha Temela watershed, Arsi, Ethiopia. International Journal of River Basin Management. 2016; 14(3):329-36.

15. Sina F, Najarpourian S, Samavi SA. The prediction of marital satisfaction through attachment styles and love story. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2018; 12(4).

16. Taylor NC, Seedall RB, Robinson WD, Bradford K. The systemic interaction of attachment on psychophysiological arousal in couple conflict. Journal of marital and family therapy. 2018; 44(1):46-60.

17. Kramer NM. Do Attachment Styles and Co-rumination Predict Marital and Emotional Distress? : University of Kansas; 2018.

18. Alikhani M, Farhadi S. Attachment Styles and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Women with and without Marital Conflict. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal. 2019; 1(1):34-41.

19. Hughes KD, Higham JP, Allen WL, Elliot AJ, Hayden BY. Extraneous color affects female macaques’ gaze preference for photographs of male conspecifics. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2015; 36(1):25-31.

20. Jeanfreau MM. A qualitative study investigating the decision-making process of women's participation in marital infidelity: Kansas state university; 2009.

21. Knopp K, Scott S, Ritchie L, Rhoades GK, Markman HJ, Stanley SM. Once a cheater, always a cheater? Serial infidelity across subsequent relationships. Archives of sexual behavior. 2017; 46:2301-11.

22. FZ M. The study of islamic lifestyle factors on predicting marital adjustment. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society. 2014; 5(18):145-58.

23. Kamaljo A, Narimani M, Abolghasemi A. Prediction of inter-marital relationships based on spiritual intelligence, ethical hash, marital satisfaction, and the use of social virtual styles with the role of gender moderation. Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2016; 6(2):39-67.

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29. Back MD, Vazire S. The social consequences of personality: Six suggestions for future research. European Journal of Personality. 2015; 29(2):296-307.

30. Lampis J, Cataudella S, Agus M, Busonera A, Skowron EA. Differentiation of self and dyadic adjustment in couple relationships: A dyadic analysis using the actor‐partner interdependence model. Family process. 2019; 58(3):698-715.

31. almardani s, shahmohamadzadeh y, nori h, hashemi m. The Relationships between the Dark triad of character and dimensions sense of humor. Educational researches. 2018; 13(53):77-90.

32. mahmodfakhe h. Prediction of moral disengagement based on dark triad of personality and belief in a just world among the Marketers of Urmia city during Corona. Social Psychology Research. 2022; 12(47):98-114.

33. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: pearson; 2007.

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35. Khosravi A, Heydarnia A, Nazifi M. The role of Religious Attitude in Attitude towards Infidelity: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-being. Positive Psychology Research. 2019; 5(3):13-28.

36. Khalili R, Bahmani B, Khanjani M, Vahedi M. The Relationship between Attitude towards Extramarital affairs with the Feeling of Inferiority, Locus of Control, and Practice of Religious Beliefs in Wives of Addicted Men. Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling. 2021; 3(2):28-37.

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38. Collins WA, Welsh DP, Furman W. Adolescent romantic relationships. Annual review of psychology. 2009; 60:631-52.

39. Hosseini F, Alavi Langeroodi SK. The role of attachment styles and marital satisfaction on sexual satisfaction through the mediation of love among married. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological. 2017; 15(3):165-88.

40. Zaree H, Ghobari Bonab B, Shams Natanzy A, Sadeghkhani A. Investigation the relationship between attachment styles and forgivingness with marital satisfaction in couples. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2013; 3(1):22-44.

41. Jonason PK, Webster GD. The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological assessment. 2010; 22(2):420.

42. Fish JN, Pavkov TW, Wetchler JL, Bercik J. Characteristics of those who participate in infidelity: The role of adult attachment and differentiation in extradyadic experiences. The American Journal of Family Therapy. 2012; 40(3):214-29.

43. Mirhashemi M, Akbarimoghadam Z. The Prediction of infidelity Upon Personality Charactristics, Marital Satisfaction and Attachment Styles. Journal of Woman and Family Studies. 2020; 8(3):75-97.

44. Ireland JL, Mann S, Lewis M, Ozanne R, McNeill K, Ireland CA. Psychopathy and trauma: exploring a potential association. International journal of law and psychiatry. 2020; 69:101543.

45. Atapour N, Falsafinejad MR, Ahmadi K, Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A. A study of the processes and contextual factors of marital infidelity. Practice in Clinical Psychology. 2021;9(3):211-26.

46. BORHANIZAD S, ABDI R. The role of dark triad in prediction of intimacy and attitudes to infidelity in applying for divorce couples. 2017.

47. Cai H, Luo YL. Distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism. Handbook of Trait Narcissism: Key Advances, Research Methods, and Controversies. 2018:97-104.

48. Bakhtiari E, Hosseini SS, Arefi M, Afsharinia K. The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy in the Relationship between Attachment Style and Couples' Attitude Towards Infidelity. Journal of Counseling Research. 2021.

49. Nariman Z, Aghaei A, Farhadi H. A comparison between moral intelligence and attachment styles in married people with and without extramarital relationships. Family Pathology, Counseling and Enrichment Journal. 2019; 4(2):107-22.

50. Moghaddamzadeh A, Alavi TS, Mazaheri MA, Hejazi Moghari E, Salehi K, Afrooz G. Representation of individual factors affecting the probability of divorce: A phenomenological study. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2019; 8(2):115-46.

51. Bonab BG, Koohsar AAH. Relation between quality of attachment and anxiety in delinquent adolescents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 30:959-62.

52. Bodie GD, Burleson BR, Gill-Rosier J, McCullough JD, Holmstrom AJ, Rack JJ, et al. Explaining the impact of attachment style on evaluations of supportive messages: A dual-process framework. Communication Research. 2011; 38(2):228-47.

53. Sesemann EM, Kruse J, Gardner BC, Broadbent CL, Spencer TA. Observed attachment and self-report affect within romantic relationships. Journal of couple & Relationship Therapy. 2017; 16(2):102-21.

54. Ghazian M, Besharat MA, Rezazade S. The Moderating Role of Affective Temperament on the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Dyadic Adjustment States. Journal of Applied Psychological Research. 2019; 10(1):43-61.

55. Mardani Hamule M, Heidari H. The relationship between optimism and attachment styles with marital satisfaction in women. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2010; 8(1):0-.

Predicting the attitude of extramarital relationships based on the dark dimensions of personality and the quality of attachment in married women

References

1. Ruhlmann LM, Gallus KL, Durtschi JA. Exploring relationship satisfaction and attachment behaviors in single-and dual-trauma couples: A pilot study. Traumatology. 2018; 24(1):27.

2. Zaal B, Arab A, Sanagouye-Moharer GR. Comparing the Effects of Forgiveness and Self-Compassion Training on Marital Conflicts in Females Facing Marital Infidelity. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2020; 10(0):192-.

3. Umemura T, Lacinová L, Kotrčová K, Fraley RC. Similarities and differences regarding changes in attachment preferences and attachment styles in relation to romantic relationship length: longitudinal and concurrent analyses. Attachment & human development. 2018;20(2):135-59.

4. John NA, Seme A, Roro MA, Tsui AO. Understanding the meaning of marital relationship quality among couples in peri-urban Ethiopia. Culture, health & sexuality. 2017; 19(2):267-78.

5. Jones DN, Weiser DA. Differential infidelity patterns among the Dark Triad. Personality and Individual differences. 2014; 57:20-4.

6. Uysal AN. Predicting relationship satisfaction: Dark triad personality traits, love attitudes, attachment dimensions: Doğuş Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü; 2016.

7. Brewer G, Hunt D, James G, Abell L. Dark Triad traits, infidelity and romantic revenge. Personality and Individual Differences. 2015; 83:122-7.

8. He Q, Wang Y, Xing Y, Yu Y. Dark personality, interpersonal rejection, and marital stability of Chinese couples: An actor–partner interdependence mediation model. Personality and Individual Differences. 2018; 134:232-8.

9. Mirzaee Jahed A, Saberi H. The prediction of marital disaffection of women based on their sexual attitudes and their husbands’ tendency toward dark personality. Q Appl Psychol. 2019; 13(3):371-89.

10. Shafiee Z, Ghamarani A. The role of dark personality and flourishing in couples burn out. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society. 2017;8(29):77-94.

11. Sadri Damirchi A, Fathi D, Hashemi Mehr M. Investigating the role of mediation of differentiation in attachment styles and affiliation-family adaptation with marital disturbance of parents with special learning disorders. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2020; 9(2):58-80.

12. Sandberg JG, Bradford AB, Brown AP. Differentiating between attachment styles and behaviors and their association with marital quality. Family process. 2017; 56(2):518-31.

13. Kale E. Attachment styles and job performance in the hospitality industry: the mediating role of general self-efficacy. Journal of Human Resources in Hospitality & Tourism. 2020; 19(1):23-42.

14. Biratu AA, Asmamaw DK. Farmers’ perception of soil erosion and participation in soil and water conservation activities in the Gusha Temela watershed, Arsi, Ethiopia. International Journal of River Basin Management. 2016; 14(3):329-36.

15. Sina F, Najarpourian S, Samavi SA. The prediction of marital satisfaction through attachment styles and love story. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences. 2018; 12(4).

16. Taylor NC, Seedall RB, Robinson WD, Bradford K. The systemic interaction of attachment on psychophysiological arousal in couple conflict. Journal of marital and family therapy. 2018; 44(1):46-60.

17. Kramer NM. Do Attachment Styles and Co-rumination Predict Marital and Emotional Distress? : University of Kansas; 2018.

18. Alikhani M, Farhadi S. Attachment Styles and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies in Women with and without Marital Conflict. Iranian Evolutionary and Educational Psychology Journal. 2019; 1(1):34-41.

19. Hughes KD, Higham JP, Allen WL, Elliot AJ, Hayden BY. Extraneous color affects female macaques’ gaze preference for photographs of male conspecifics. Evolution and Human Behavior. 2015; 36(1):25-31.

20. Jeanfreau MM. A qualitative study investigating the decision-making process of women's participation in marital infidelity: Kansas state university; 2009.

21. Knopp K, Scott S, Ritchie L, Rhoades GK, Markman HJ, Stanley SM. Once a cheater, always a cheater? Serial infidelity across subsequent relationships. Archives of sexual behavior. 2017; 46:2301-11.

22. FZ M. The study of islamic lifestyle factors on predicting marital adjustment. Quarterly Journal of Women and Society. 2014; 5(18):145-58.

23. Kamaljo A, Narimani M, Abolghasemi A. Prediction of inter-marital relationships based on spiritual intelligence, ethical hash, marital satisfaction, and the use of social virtual styles with the role of gender moderation. Journal of Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2016; 6(2):39-67.

24. Priest JB. Examining differentiation of self as a mediator in the biobehavioral family model. Journal of marital and family therapy. 2019; 45(1):161-75.

25. Closson K, Hatcher A, Sikweyiya Y, Washington L, Mkhwanazi S, Jewkes R, et al. Gender role conflict and sexual health and relationship practices amongst young men living in urban informal settlements in South Africa. Culture, health & sexuality. 2020; 22(1):31-47.

26. Harris C. Characteristics of emotional and physical marital infidelity that predict divorce: Alliant International University; 2018.

27. McHoskey JW, Worzel W, Szyarto C. Machiavellianism and psychopathy. Journal of personality and social psychology. 1998; 74(1):192.

28. Newton K, Stolle D, Zmerli S. Social and political trust. The Oxford handbook of social and political trust. 2018; 37:961-76.

29. Back MD, Vazire S. The social consequences of personality: Six suggestions for future research. European Journal of Personality. 2015; 29(2):296-307.

30. Lampis J, Cataudella S, Agus M, Busonera A, Skowron EA. Differentiation of self and dyadic adjustment in couple relationships: A dyadic analysis using the actor‐partner interdependence model. Family process. 2019; 58(3):698-715.

31. almardani s, shahmohamadzadeh y, nori h, hashemi m. The Relationships between the Dark triad of character and dimensions sense of humor. Educational researches. 2018; 13(53):77-90.

32. mahmodfakhe h. Prediction of moral disengagement based on dark triad of personality and belief in a just world among the Marketers of Urmia city during Corona. Social Psychology Research. 2022; 12(47):98-114.

33. Tabachnick BG, Fidell LS, Ullman JB. Using multivariate statistics (Vol. 5). Boston, MA: pearson; 2007.

34. Cao H, Zhou N, Fine MA, Li X, Fang X. Sexual satisfaction and marital satisfaction during the early years of Chinese marriage: A three-wave, cross-lagged, actor–partner interdependence model. The Journal of Sex Research. 2019; 56(3):391-407.

35. Khosravi A, Heydarnia A, Nazifi M. The role of Religious Attitude in Attitude towards Infidelity: The Mediating Role of Subjective Well-being. Positive Psychology Research. 2019; 5(3):13-28.

36. Khalili R, Bahmani B, Khanjani M, Vahedi M. The Relationship between Attitude towards Extramarital affairs with the Feeling of Inferiority, Locus of Control, and Practice of Religious Beliefs in Wives of Addicted Men. Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling. 2021; 3(2):28-37.

38. Collins WA, Welsh DP, Furman W. Adolescent romantic relationships. Annual review of psychology. 2009; 60:631-52.

39. Hosseini F, Alavi Langeroodi SK. The role of attachment styles and marital satisfaction on sexual satisfaction through the mediation of love among married. Women's Studies Sociological and Psychological. 2017; 15(3):165-88.

40. Zaree H, Ghobari Bonab B, Shams Natanzy A, Sadeghkhani A. Investigation the relationship between attachment styles and forgivingness with marital satisfaction in couples. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2013; 3(1):22-44.

41. Jonason PK, Webster GD. The dirty dozen: a concise measure of the dark triad. Psychological assessment. 2010; 22(2):420.

42. Fish JN, Pavkov TW, Wetchler JL, Bercik J. Characteristics of those who participate in infidelity: The role of adult attachment and differentiation in extradyadic experiences. The American Journal of Family Therapy. 2012; 40(3):214-29.

43. Mirhashemi M, Akbarimoghadam Z. The Prediction of infidelity Upon Personality Charactristics, Marital Satisfaction and Attachment Styles. Journal of Woman and Family Studies. 2020; 8(3):75-97.

44. Ireland JL, Mann S, Lewis M, Ozanne R, McNeill K, Ireland CA. Psychopathy and trauma: exploring a potential association. International journal of law and psychiatry. 2020; 69:101543.

45. Atapour N, Falsafinejad MR, Ahmadi K, Khodabakhshi-Koolaee A. A study of the processes and contextual factors of marital infidelity. Practice in Clinical Psychology. 2021;9(3):211-26.

46. BORHANIZAD S, ABDI R. The role of dark triad in prediction of intimacy and attitudes to infidelity in applying for divorce couples. 2017.

47. Cai H, Luo YL. Distinguishing between adaptive and maladaptive narcissism. Handbook of Trait Narcissism: Key Advances, Research Methods, and Controversies. 2018:97-104.

48. Bakhtiari E, Hosseini SS, Arefi M, Afsharinia K. The Mediating Role of Marital Intimacy in the Relationship between Attachment Style and Couples' Attitude Towards Infidelity. Journal of Counseling Research. 2021.

49. Nariman Z, Aghaei A, Farhadi H. A comparison between moral intelligence and attachment styles in married people with and without extramarital relationships. Family Pathology, Counseling and Enrichment Journal. 2019; 4(2):107-22.

50. Moghaddamzadeh A, Alavi TS, Mazaheri MA, Hejazi Moghari E, Salehi K, Afrooz G. Representation of individual factors affecting the probability of divorce: A phenomenological study. Family Counseling and Psychotherapy. 2019; 8(2):115-46.

51. Bonab BG, Koohsar AAH. Relation between quality of attachment and anxiety in delinquent adolescents. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2011; 30:959-62.

52. Bodie GD, Burleson BR, Gill-Rosier J, McCullough JD, Holmstrom AJ, Rack JJ, et al. Explaining the impact of attachment style on evaluations of supportive messages: A dual-process framework. Communication Research. 2011; 38(2):228-47.

53. Sesemann EM, Kruse J, Gardner BC, Broadbent CL, Spencer TA. Observed attachment and self-report affect within romantic relationships. Journal of couple & Relationship Therapy. 2017; 16(2):102-21.

54. Ghazian M, Besharat MA, Rezazade S. The Moderating Role of Affective Temperament on the Relationship Between Attachment Styles and Dyadic Adjustment States. Journal of Applied Psychological Research. 2019; 10(1):43-61.

55. Mardani Hamule M, Heidari H. The relationship between optimism and attachment styles with marital satisfaction in women. Nursing and Midwifery Journal. 2010; 8(1):0-.

Volume 14, Issue 54 - Serial Number 54August 2023Pages 17-34

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Volume 14, Issue 54 - Serial Number 54
August 2023
Pages 17-34