خودکارآمدی ورزشی زنان مبتنی بر حمایت اجتماعی و وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی (متغیر میانجی انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

• محمدحسن فردوسی ¹
• بهرام نیک بخش ²
• سودابه زبرجد ³

¹ استادیار گروه مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران ، ایران.

² استادیار گروه جامعه شناسی، دانشگاه پیام‌نور، تهران، ایران.

³ دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد مدیریت ورزشی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران.

10.30495/jzvj.2023.31507.3970

چکیده

مقدمه: زن، در طول تاریخ فرصت کافی پیدا نکرده تا شایستگی خود را برای مشارکت فعّال در ورزش به اثبات برساند. هدف از این تحقیق تدوین الگویی برای خودکارآمدی ورزشی مبتنی بر حمایت اجتماعی و وضعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی با متغیر میانجی انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی در زنان بود.
روش‌شناسی: پژوهش حاضر از نوع تحقیقات توصیفی- پیمایشی بوده و از لحاظ هدف یک تحقیق کاربردی است. جامعه پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه زنان ورزشکار متأهل و یا حداقل یک‌بار ازدواج‌کرده شهر تهران بود که نمونه مورد مطالعه به حجم 384 نفر(طبق فرمول کوکران) با به‌کارگیری روش نمونه‎گیری خوشه‎ای چندمرحله‌ای برآورد شد. در این پژوهش از پرسشنامه‌های خودکارآمدی ورزشی کرل و همکاران(2007)، حمایت اجتماعی فیلیپس(1986)، وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی قدرت‌نما(1392) و انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی هونگ‌یونگ‌لین(2010) استفاده شد. جهت تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از الگویابی معادلات ساختاری با استفاده از نرم‌افزار AMOS/18 استفاده شد.
یافته‌ها: نتایج پژوهش نشان داد، متغیرهای حمایت اجتماعی و وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی اثر مستقیم بر متغیر میانجی انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی در زنان ورزشکار دارند. امّا متغیر وضعیت اجتماعی-اقتصادی اثر مستقیم بر خودکارآمدی ورزشی در زنان ورزشکار ندارد.
نتیجه‌گیری: بر اساس مدل ذکر شده جامعه و دولت، در راستای حمایت همه‌جانبه باید از طریق فرهنگسراهای شهرداری، پارک‌ها، فضاهای سبز و کلوپ‌های ورزشی شرایطی را فراهم کنند که زنان جامعه با هر درآمد و جایگاه اجتماعی بتوانند به فعالیت‌های بدنی و شناخت ظرفیّت‌های خود بپردازند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

• خودکارآمدی ورزشی
• حمایت اجتماعی
• وضعیت اجتماعی اقتصادی
• انگیزه مشارکت ورزشی

---

عنوان مقاله [English]

The women's sport self-efficacy based on social support and socioeconomic status (mediating variable of motivation for sports participation)

نویسندگان [English]

• Mohammad Hassan Ferdowsi ¹
• bahram nikbakhsh ²
• Soodabeh Zebarjad ³

¹ Assistant Professor, Department of sport management, Payame noor University, Tehran.Iran.

² Assistant Professor, Department of Sociology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran.

³ MA Student , Department of sport management , Payame noor University, Tehran.Iran.

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Throughout history, women have not had enough time to prove their worthiness for active participation in sports. The aim of this study was to develop a model for sport self-efficacy based on social support and socioeconomic status considering the mediating variable of motivation for sports participation in women, which constitutes a broad and effective part of the country.
Methods: The present study is a descriptive-survey research and in terms of purpose it is an applied research. The study population consisted of all married or at least one-time married female athletes in Tehran, the sample consisted of 384 (according Cochran formula) using multistage cluster sampling method. Data were collected using a questionnaire consisting of Curl et al.'s Sports Self-Efficacy (2007), Phillips Social Support (1986), Ghodrat Nama.’s Socioeconomic Status (1392) and Hong Yong lin.’s Sports Participation Motivation Questionnaire (2010). Structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed model using AMOS/18 software.
Results: The results showed that social support and socioeconomic status have a direct effect on the mediating variable of sport participation motivation in female athletes. However, socioeconomic status variable has no direct effect on sport self-efficacy in female athletes.
Conclusion: The community and the government, in order to provide comprehensive support through municipal cultural centers, parks, green spaces and sports clubs, should provide conditions for women in the community with any income and social status to engage in physical activities and recognition of their capacities.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

• Sport self-efficacy
• Social support
• socioeconomic status
• Sport participation motivation

مراجع

1. Batez, M., Milošević, Ž, Mikulić, I., Sporiš, G., Mačak, D., & Trajković, N. Relationship between Motor Competence, Physical Fitness, and Academic Achievement in Young School-Aged Children. BioMed Research International. 2021, 2(3): 221-223.
2. Javadipour, M, Sami Niia, M. Providing schems and strategies for expanding public sport in iran, Strategic Studies on Youth and Sports. 2013, 12(19): 143-164.
3. Biddle. S. J. H, Ciaccioni S, Thomas G, and Vergeer I, “Physical activity and mental health in children and adolescents: an updated review of reviews and an analysis of causality,” Psychology of Sport and Exercise. 2019, 42: 146–155.
4. Pasdar, Y, Niazi, P, Darbandi, M, Khalondi, F, Izadi, N. The study of physical activity and its effect on body composition and quality of life in female staff of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences in 2013, Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. 2015, 14: 99-110.
5. Hylton,K., Bramham,P. "Sports development: Policy, process and practice". London, Routledge.2008.
6. Sedaghati‌ Fard, M., Arjomand, ‌E. Motivations of Iranian women from participating in social research activities in identifying the factors affecting women's participation (Case study: women aged 20 to 34 in Semnan). Women and Society. 2010, 2 (1): 97-122.
7. Iman, M. T., Bani Fatemeh, Z. A Study of the Relationship between Young Women's Social Capital and Their Participation in Sports Activities in Yazd, Islamic Azad University Social Sciences Quarterly. 2014, 8 (2): 25-50.
8. Jafarnejad, Z, Majidi, H. Reflection of Inferiority and Violence against Women in Ali Badr's Novel Al-Kafir. Women and Family Studies. 2018, 11 (41): 85-106.
9. Noor Alivand, A, Maleki, A, Parsamehr M, Ghasemi, H. Sociological explanation of women's sports participation with emphasis on gender norms (Case study: women of Ilam province). Scientific Quarterly of Ilam Culture. 2017, 18 (56): 7-31.
10. Deelen, I., Ettema, D., & Kamphuis, C. B. (2018). Sports participation in sport clubs, gyms or public spaces: How users of different sports settings differ in their motivations, goals, and sports frequency. PloS one. 2018, 13(10): 198-205.
11. Paes, M. J., Collet, C., da Silva, L., & Stefanello, J. M. F. Impact of Sex, Age and Practice Time on Self-Efficacy in Brazilian Volleyball High-Level Athletes.2021. (In press) https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.20869
12. Bolursaaz M. H. The relationship between emotional intelligence and psychological health and self-efficacy in elderly women in Karaj. Journal of Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sport. 2017, 4 (2): 41-51.
13. Pajares, F. Assessing self-efficacy beliefs and Academic outcomes: The case for specificity and correspondence. American Research Association. 1996, 96: 1-22.
14. Keshtidar, M, Behzadnia, B, Jahangiri, M. The relationship between the six dimensions of well-being and sports self-efficacy among physical education students, Sports Management. 2012, 12: 163-178.
15. Yusoff, Y. M. Self-efficacy, perceived social support, and psychological adjustment in international undergraduate students in a public higher education institution in Malaysia. Journal of Studies in International Education. 2012, 16(4), 353-371.
16. Norouzi S. H. R., Koozehchian H., Tondnevis, F. Relationship between coaching leadership styles and motivation for advancement of Iranian elite judokas, Sports Management Studies. 2012, 14: 175-190.
17. Heidari Al-Kathir, A, Khatibi, A, Heidarinejad, S. The effect of coaches' behavior on self-efficacy and sportsmanship of female kabedi athletes, Organizational Behavior Management Studies in Sports. 2018, 5 (19): 79-89.
18. Iwasaki Y, Sumihisa.H. Exercise Self-Efficacy as a Mediator between Goal-Setting and Physical Activity: Developing the Workplace as a Setting for Promoting Physical Activity. Journal of Safety and Health at Work. 2016:1-5.
19. Chapri, L, Yousefi, B, Zardoshtian, Sh. The effect of coaching behaviors on self-efficacy and team performance in Iranian Women's Football Premier League players, Sports Management. 2016, 12 (1): 19-33.
20. Aldegheiry, H. A. Impact of Sport Activity on the Quality of Life of Saudi Woman. Journal of Educational and Social Research. 2021, 11(4): 343-343.
21. Brown, A., Wilson, D. K., Sweeney, A. M., & Van Horn, M. L. The Moderating Effects of Social Support and Stress on Physical Activity in African American Women. Annals of Behavioral Medicine. 2021, 55(4): 376-382.
22. Fogaca, J. L. Combining mental health and performance interventions: Coping and social support for student-athletes. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology. 2019, 33(1): 4-19.
23. Rajesh, C. B., Hussain, S., & Cherappurath, N. Role of socio-economic status and emotional intelligence on sports attainments: A cross-sectional study with women athletes in Kerala, India. Materials Today: Proceedings. 2021, 37, 2334-2340.
24. Zardoshtian Sh, Khanmoradi S, Haidarzadeh B. The Relationship between Coaches' Power Resources and Encouragement, Commitment and Sports Success of Iranian Adolescent Boxers: New Approaches in Sports Management. 2016, 4 (12): 69-78.
25. Khanmoradi, S., Zardoshtian, S., Fatahi, S., & Dickson, G. Media and Sport Participation with Emphasis on Socio-Economic Factors: An Econometric Model with Simultaneous Equations Approach. Iranian Journal of Management Studies. 2021, 14(3).
26. Huikari, S., Junttila, H., Ala-Mursula, L., Jämsä, T., Korpelainen, R., Miettunen, J, & Korhonen, M. Leisure-time physical activity is associated with socio-economic status beyond income–Cross-sectional survey of the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966 study. Economics & Human Biology. 2021, 41, 100969.